This module overview established the foundational principles of Testing and Measurement for the Quality Engineer, emphasizing that accurate data is the prerequisite for all quality control activities. We defined the core vocabulary of metrology, including calibration, uncertainty, and resolution, while exploring the physical foundations provided by surface plates and gage blocks. We distinguished between variable gages for quantitative data and attribute gages for rapid pass-fail decisions. The session covered the ten-to-one rule for tool selection and calibration accuracy, while also identifying common error sources like parallax, cosine error, and environmental drift. Furthermore, we discussed the QE’s responsibility in maintaining traceable calibration records for audit compliance and using measurement data for root cause analysis. By understanding both the mechanical tools and the mathematical management of uncertainty, Quality Engineers can ensure that measurement systems reliably validate manufacturing processes across various industries.